Found my original post on the matter:
http://typeaccord.co.uk/forum/topic/8498-10w40-engine-oil/page__view__findpost__p__95091
Ok some more reading, C3 is catalyst friendly and appears to be only for diesel engines. A1/B1 are for petrols:
http://www.acea.be/images/uploads/pub/070308_ACEA_sequences_2007_LD_and_HD.pdf
A1/B1 Oil intended for use in gasoline and car + light van diesel engines specifically designed to be capable of using low friction low viscosity oils with a High temperature / High shear rate viscosity of 2.6 to 3.5 mPa.s. These oils may be unsuitable for use in some engines. Consult owner manual or handbook if in doubt.
C3 Stable, stay-in-grade oil intended for use as catalyst compatible oil in vehicles with DPF and TWC in high performance car and light van diesel and gasoline engines. These oils will increase the DPF and TWC life. Warning: these oils may be unsuitable for use in some engines. Consult owner manual or handbook if in doubt.
So basically the C3 is suitable where you've a DPF or a three way catalyst as it outputs less pollutants that the A1/B1 for the DPF or cat.
These guys have taken the effort to convert this into simpler explainations:
http://www.midlandvehiclecomponents.co.uk/Pages/PDFs/Technical%20Bulletins/Comma/acea_specifications_explained_booklet_v9.pdf