I'm with Alan on this one. (mostly)
The gearing effect by having the new tyres and wheels, 225/40/18 against 205/55/16 is neglible. less than 1%,
see here
http://www.alloywhee...Tyre_Calculator
so where you would have been doing 70mph before, for the same revs you would now be doing 70.7mph, or you would do 70mph with a drop of approx 20rpm. So this really would have next to no difference on the mpg. With 56mpg on the 16s, the difference would be less than 0.5mpg based on the same effort being required to keep the car moving.
The economy is being affected by the weight of the wheels and it is simple physics. Why else do sportcars have lightweight wheels, it helps them accelerate faster as there is less rotational mass, they are easier to turn. This also means that if if they are easier to turn, if requires less effort to keep them turning at the same speed. Less effort means less fuel being used.
Its the same principle on pushbikes as well. If i take out my bike which has heavier wheels, it requires more effort from me to turn the wheels, whereas if i take out my bike with lightweight race wheels, its a lot easier. it requires less effort from me to go at the same speed. thats why a lot of guys into racing will train using heavy wheels and swap them out on race day, for the same effort they will go faster, or they can go at the same speed with less effort.
The key point i guess i'm making here is rotational mass. Higher rotational mass = more effort = more fuel
There are a number of factors which will affect fuel economy here.
Wheels - Heavier - harder to turn - increased fuel usage
Tyres - Wider - More than likely increased drag which would increase fuel usage - But, tread pattern and compound come into play here. A well designed tyre with a 225 width can have lower rolling resistance than a 205. Given the brands, i would bet that the michelin would have better rolling resistance, but its not a given.
Tyre weight - not necessarily heavier - certainly wider but less sidewall - unknown, possibly heavier, lighter or the same as before
But increased aerodynamic drag from the tyres affecting mpg is almost laughable. Look at the size of the front of the car - An extra 20mm in tyre width is miniscule compared to the size of the front of the car. If it does affect it, you're probably talking about 0.01mpg
The one factor definitely influencing the mpg is the wheels. I have the same wheels which i use in the summer months. When i switch to my 16inch winter wheels, the car accelerates slightly faster (backside dyno), and gains 2-3mpg as it doesnt have to work as hard to keep those wheels moving.
To have better fuel economy with heavier, wider wheels would require a tyre with a good enough rolling resistance to more than offset the increased effort required to turn them.
Another factor to take into account though - what tyre pressures are your 16s at and what pressures are the 18s at?
edit - are you measuring mpg by computer or by filling the tank? brim to brim fills are the only way to tell the true mpg
Actually, rereading my post it would appear that i agree with some elements Alan has said and some that Brian has said.
Also, have you done more than one trip? weather conditions can have an influence as well, wind speed/direction etc.