That was an example price for a new turbo IF that's what it turns out to be! Yes, I'm sure a scrapyard one would be fine, and that's what I'd do, but I have no idea what that might actually cost (but obviously less!).
I think you need to investigate further, as unfortunately 'diagnosis by forum' isn't guaranteed to give the right answer. All we can do is make suggestions and give pointers.
I don't think any diagnostic trouble codes would be generated by the failure of a turbo seal, but definitely worth checking the stored codes in case it turns out to be another problem. I think any relevant ones (e.g. low boost pressure, due to a burst intercooler) will be readable by a basic OBD2 reader.
If you do start the engine (after filling back up) do have a plan for stopping the engine should diesel runaway become an issue... either have someone ready to stall the engine, block the air intake or have a CO2 extinguisher ready to spray into the air intake.